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Transgender is an overarching term to describe persons whose gender identity/expression differs from what is typically associated with the gender they were born as.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.glaad.org/reference/transgender )〕 "Transgender Studies" was institutionalized as an academic discipline in the 1990s so it is difficult to apply transgender to Chinese culture in a historical context. There were no transgender groups or communities in Hong Kong until after the turn of the century. Today they are still known as a "sexual minority" in China. China and greater China (the Chinese region, including People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan (Republic of China)) have transphobia. . ==Terminology== Because Chinese transgender studies is so unfocused, a wide variety of terms are used in relation to transgender in the varieties of Chinese. * ''Tongzinglian'' refers to all peoples with a non-normative sexuality or gender, including: homosexual, bisexual, asexual, transgender, and queer peoples.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://site.ebrary.com.libproxy.furman.edu/lib/furman/reader.action?docID=10649538. )〕 * Bìanxìng 變性 is the most common way to say "change one's sex", though not necessarily through sexual reassignment surgery—bianxing may also include hormonal changes and lifestyle changes. * In Mandarin, the term ''kuaxingbie'' (跨性别, pinyin kùaxìngbie), literally "to go beyond sex", has recently come into use as a literal translation of the English term "transgender", but kuaxingbie is not in popular use outside of academia. * Offensive terms for boys include “niang niang qiang” (meaning sissy boy) or “jia ya tou” (meaning fake girl). * "Fanchuan" (反串, fǎnchùan) is the historical term for cross-dressed performing on stage, as in Beijing opera where males play women's parts, or in Taiwanese opera where females play men's parts. ·In Hong Kong, there are specific derogatory terms used towards transgender peoples. The most common is ''jan-jiu'' which translates to "human monster". * ''Bin tai'', or ''biantai'' in Putonghua, in Hong Kong refers to a non-normative person, deviating from the reproductive heterosexual family and the normative body, gender, and sexuality expectations. It is also an insult to cross-dressers, pedophiles, polygamists, homosexuals, masculine women, sissy boys, and transgender people. * Also in Hong Kong, ''yan yiu'', or ''renyau'' in Putonghua, translates into human ghost, human monster or freak, but not only address transgender people, but queerly sexed people.〔 * The second form is ''naa-jing'' referring to men who are considered sissy or effeminate. However, the politically correct term for a transgender person in Hong Kong is ''kwaa-sing-bit''. The media in Hong Kong might use the negative term ''jan-jiu'' or ''bin-sing-jan'', referring to a sex or gender changed person.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://site.ebrary.com.libproxy.furman.edu/lib/furman/reader.action?docID=10649538 )〕 * In the late 1990s, the performing group Red Top Arts (紅頂藝人, py Hǒngdǐng Yìrén) came to fame in Taipei, Taiwan as the island's first professional drag troupe. Since this time, "Red Top" and various homophones (紅鼎, 宏鼎, etc.) have come to be common combining-forms that indicates drag, cross-dressing, etc. Terms for crossdressing are many and varied. 異裝癖 (py yìzhūangpǐ), literally "obsession with the opposite () attire", is commonly used. 扮裝 (py bànzhūang), literally "to put on attire", is commonly used to mean crossdressing. Related to this is an auxiliary term for drag queens: 扮裝皇后 (py bànzhūang húanghòu), or "crossdressing queen". There are several terms competing as translations of the English drag king, but none has reached currency yet.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://cantonese.ca/sex.php )〕 While research shows that China's younger population is much more accepting of transgender people, offensive terminology like "jan-jim" or "bin-sing-Jan" is very common.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Transgender in China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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